Architectural Psychology Approach in Designing Green Open Space in Multicultural Cities

In cities with a multicultural population , environmental problems often associated with increasing the number of entrants and the lack of ownership of the city's immigrant communities . City image was degraded due to this fact . Therefore , the provision of open space as a way of settling environmental issues , in addition to considering physical factors , also have to consider the psychological factors that multicultural population . From the point of view of architectural psychology , psychological factors invisible precisely a major effect on the success of the architectural design . Therefore , this approach may be an alternative in the design of green space in a multicultural city . With architectural psychology approach , the government could be acting as a driving and steering . The government can instill a sense of pride and of belonging to the immigrant communities. One example of the application of this concept is the seemingly simple garden competition . Migrant communities participate through their respective paguyubannya to show the positive aspects of the area in green space provided. The entire population can be seen that the migrants have participated in the maintenance of the city environment . The gardens became a visual appeal that does not simply show the existence of immigrant communities , but also encourage them to become part of the city in which they live . Thus , the image of the city has increased , both in the eyes of its own people and in the eyes of the tourists .
  

 preliminary

The development of each city , since the beginning of human civilization until recent centuries , always colored by the movement and interaction of the population with other townspeople . Movement and this interaction can only be a temporary move , but can also be the displacement ( migration ) of the population from one city to another . It is a fact that can not be avoided , along with the development of human needs and desires in every civilization . A city that was originally in quantity dominated by a particular ethnic , multicultural city may be because many of the immigrants who settled in different areas of the city . Some cities in Indonesia, which can be used as an example of multicultural city is Jakarta , Surabaya , Palembang , Jakarta, Yogyakarta , Malang , Makassar and Balikpapan .In cities with population of this multicultural , environmental problems often associated with increasing the number of entrants . The increasing number of migrants are often not predictable in advance by the municipality in question . This resulted in a limited capacity forced the city enlarged by opening up new areas around the city , which is actually a buffer zone ecosystems city from floods , rising temperatures and pollution . The magnitude of the economic pressures due to competition with immigrants citizens also often cause environmental problems is ignored . Increasingly dense city center of economic activity , so that the function of green open space ( RTH ) that there was siphoned into a transaction done . The high rate of population growth in the region led to the emergence of a variety of common problems that accompany the rapid urban growth , such as unemployment , housing that is unfit for habitation , fires , infectious disease , poor sanitation , drainage is clogged , water and air pollution , garbage piled up , environmental degradation , inhumane transport system , and so on ( Dyayadi , 2008) .Behind the physical phenomena described above , it turns out there are also many intangible factors , including psychological factors , which cause environmental problems in increasingly complex multicultural city . Issues that are not visible , such as the lack of ownership by the immigrant population will be city they live in, is one of the main factors increasing the severity of environmental problems . The principle of economic tradeoffs that are often taken into consideration a person to settle in an area does not make them the creation of an emotional bond with the city , compared with their emotional attachment to the home town or city of their birth .Furthermore , errors in the handling of non-physical problems can negate the emotional connection between the settlers with the city in which they live . Refresif handling often lead to improvements in the level of thought . Human tendency to act defensively when treated repression has been demonstrated in various parts of the world . Dyayadi in his book , " City Planning in Islam " , said also that efforts to tackle urbanization with conventional approaches only give birth to failure , because the bureaucracy is not able to understand the needs , motives and rigidity of migrants ( Dyayadi , 2008) . In the end , any improvement in the physical plane can not last long , because it was not accompanied by improvements at the level of thought and perspective .Overall, the entire environmental issues above will be also related to the image of the city is concerned , both internal and external image images . Internally , there is harmony in the lives of the population found in it , in the absence of a good emotional attachment between them and the city in which they live . The trends that seem simple but actually destructive habits can be observed from littering on the street or in the river . Externally , the image of the city has decreased , both in the eyes of the tourists or visitors , and in the eyes of other city residents . Degradation of the image of the city in turn has also resulted in a decrease in the level of the city's economy is concerned . This is a vicious cycle that must be broken , in order to resolve environmental problems in a multicultural city .To that end , the provision of open space as a way of settling environmental issues , in addition to considering physical factors , also have to consider the psychological factors that multicultural population . Psychological considerations include spatial behavior ( territoriality ) and the fulfillment of basic human needs ( basic human needs ) . From the point of view of architectural psychology , psychological factors are invisible this would greatly affect the success of the architectural design . Therefore , architectural psychology approach can be used as an alternative in the design of green space in a multicultural city .